information conditions, where cheating is less obvious, punishment is much less effective in enforcing cooperation. Evidently, the … explanatory power of punishment is constrained by the visibility of cheating. …

This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide … punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels … because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment …

welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate …

systems exist that avoid these costs and whether other, more centralized, punishment systems are superior and will be … preferred by the people. Here, we show that welfare-enhancing peer sanctioning without much need for costly punishment emerges …. The exogenous removal of the norm consensus opportunity reduces the efficiency of peer punishment and renders centralized …

preferred by the people. Here, we show that welfare-enhancing peer sanctioning without much need for costly punishment emerges …. The exogenous removal of the norm consensus opportunity reduces the efficiency of peer punishment and renders centralized … peer sanctioning with a norm consensus opportunity or an equally efficient institution with centralized punishment by an …

whether to engage in costly punishment of a free rider in a survey-based experiment with 1423 students from seven study areas …

-group behavior of Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in a repeated public good game without and with punishment. We find that …

-group behavior of Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in a repeated public good game without and with punishment. We find that …