The European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) was created as a successor to the cooperation programmes TACIS (for the Eastern European countries) and MEDA (for the Mediterranean countries), with enlarged objectives and an increased budget. It was operational from January 2007, and...

The report covers the period 1st April 2016 – 31st March 2017. It focuses on accounting for the activities during this first year of Programme implementation. Overall, it can be summarised that good progress has been made towards the establishment of the Better Migration Management (BMM)...

In Tunesien, Ägypten und Libyen wurden 2011 nach Massenprotesten und blutigen Auseinandersetzungen die langjährigen Machthaber Ben Ali, Mubarak und Qaddafi gestürzt. Alle drei Staaten befinden sich seither in einem noch nicht abgeschlossenen Transformationsprozess. Diese Umbruchphase ist...

This paper argues that trade and capital account reforms within autocracies underlie the primacy of foreign currency procurement. A longitudinal comparison of four countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan) in the Middle East and North Africa region shows a historical sequencing of reforms....