Low head Pico hydro resources have considerable potentials in many regions of the world and with increasing demand of energy, use of such capacities is quite necessary. Pico hydro plants are usually isolated and installed in remote areas. One of the main problems of utilizing these potentials...

A numerical three-dimensional non-isothermal hydrodynamic and thermal modeling based on the unidirectional flow analysis of stratified flow in the circular cross section pipe is developed and tested by experimental data. The model could solve the steady axial momentum equation and heat transfer...