WTO membership and closer integration with the European Union in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership are reinforcing pressures on MEDA countries to improve their competitive position. Privatisation, regulatory reform, and the creation of independent regulatory agencies in telecoms...

The emergence of a "second wave" of developing-country multinational enterprises (MNEs) in a variety of industries is one of the characterizing features of globalization. This paper documents how emerging markets' MNEs (EM-MNEs) may follow quite different patterns to reach, or at least approach,...

The present article sheds light on the process that has allowed a firm from a developing economy to transform itself successfully from an original equipment manufacturer to an own original brand manufacturer multinational enterprise. We study the case of Arcelik, a consumer electronics MNE from...

The present article sheds light on the process that has allowed a firm from a developing economy to transform itself successfully from an original equipment manufacturer to an own original brand manufacturer multinational enterprise. We study the case of Arcelik, a consumer electronics MNE from...