The magnitude of global financial and economic crises in recent years have increased significantly and become almost unbearable, causing investors to lose confidence in the whole financial system. A wide range of internal and external factors can certainly influence the intensity of a financial...

The world has seen two major financial and economic crises in less than two decades, which have shaken investor confidence in the financial systems, resulted in tens of hundreds of billions of loss, and left behind dislocated societies in many regions. Everything started in the summer months of...

Turkey has experienced the biggest financial and economic shock in 2001 resulting a massive overhauling of its entire banking system that eventually cost the government over $50 billion. The IMF was involved in the recovery process from the beginning providing Turkey nearly $24 billion of...

The dollar's dominance as the world's reserve currency was inaugurated at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference where the agreement was signed by the 44 wartime allies, but the dollar's hegemony was solidified in 1971 when US President Nixon cut the dollar's link to gold. True, the fixed exchange...

Mustafa Kemal's well-organized resistance army was victorious in the Turkish War of Independence, which expelled the occupying armies; subsequently, Mustafa Kemal abolished the Ottoman Empire in 1922 by overthrowing Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin and established the Turkish Republic in 1923. No...

IMF praised the Turkish financial system for escaping the 2008 global financial crisis with a minor dent in its economy, the success was attributable to significant capital buffers built up in the aftermath of the 2001 economic crisis, more effective fiscal and monetary management, strengthened...

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (i.e. Basel I, II & III), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (i.e. Financial Sector Assessment Program), the World Trade Organization, the Bank for International Settlements, the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the...

There was only Bitcoin in January 2009, but now over 3,000 altcoins are traded; as of October 25, the combined market cap of 3,047 cryptocurrencies is $248 billion. Bitcoin (at $9,285.89) with a market cap of $170 billion still dominates 68.4% of the cryptocurrency market. Both market cap figures...