violence may erode community engagement with law enforcement and highlight the call-to-shot ratio as a natural measure of …

Gun violence is the most pressing public safety problem in American cities. We report results from a randomized … referral methods identified men with strikingly high scope for gun violence reduction: for every 100 people in the control … in an index combining three measures of serious violence, the study's primary outcome. But one component, shooting and …

migration rates of about 60 percent that lasted for a few months: after five months, migration rates reverted back to pre-violence … women and children. We show that violence was the main treatment channel, with variation in the intensity and nature of … violence explaining the magnitude and persistence of the migration response. While migration costs, migrant networks, and land …

Did anti-Asian violence rise after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? Efforts to answer this question are compromised … studying whether anti-Asian violence rose after March 2020 that addresses each of these concerns. Using data from the FBI …'s National Incident-Based Reporting System, we study inter-race violence occurring in public spaces. While public violence …