participation in local planning and budgeting in all cities and municipalities. This study aims (i) to examine how the key steps in … are implemented in terms of extent of participation of civil society organizations (CSO), local government unit (LGU … in the 12 case study sites, this study argues that CSO participation in the BUB may be characterized on the basis of how …

twofold research agenda is mapped out: How does public participation work in different governance contexts? And what potential … literature on multi-level governance, policy implementation, public participation and complex systems, we develop five sets of … hypotheses on how the number of policy levels and geographical rescaling affect citizen participation, actor interests and policy …