measure of capital in agriculture absent from most studies. The authors employ a heterogeneous technology framework where … augmenting the role of capital, in combination with productivity gains, as a driver of agricultural growth. The results indicate … that total factor productivity increased at an average rate of 3.2 percent, accounting for 59 percent of overall growth …

R&D investments on productivity and on the induced innovation hypothesis for both inputs and outputs. The approach … builds on a non-parametric representation of the underlying technology. An application to U.S. agriculture is presented. By …