This paper investigates the macro-determinants of Korea's persistent bilateral trade deficit with Japan but her trade … improves Korea-US trade balance according to the Marshall-Lerner condition while the J-curve effect between Korea and Japan … economic growth is found to improve persistent trade deficits against Japan and mitigate trade surplus with the US. The short …

between China and the United States from both an asset-market and a labor-market perspective, and compare this to Japan …'s unsuccessful appreciation of the yen. …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …