aggregate level. We then analyze predictions at the individual level, in particular how insurance demand varies with observable …

aggregate level. We then analyze predictions at the individual level, in particular how insurance demand varies with observable …

: the number of physicians in the physician's group (if any); the physician's integration with or employment by a hospital … or hospital system; and the average age of the other physicians in the physician's group. We present three key findings …. First, all else held constant, group physicians prescribe far fewer opioids, and prescribe them more appropriately, than do …