Acknowledgements -- Summary for policy makers -- Europe's focus on available natural gas supplies, and why there is more to it -- Framework of analysis -- How to analyze European Union energy security -- Energy policy in the European Union -- Status quo in European Union energy policy --...

In this paper, we describe the development and current status of anti-manipulation rules as they apply to wholesale electricity and natural gas markets in the United States and the European Union, including the institutions that are responsible for overseeing these rules. We then compare and...

The enthusiasm for shale gas is now spreading beyond the borders of the United States, entering national discourses in the European Union where it is seen to provide energy independence and jobs, as well as cheaper and more environmentally-friendly fuel. This paper provides a balanced and...