approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of … ignores differences in bank product quality and design, as well as the attractiveness of innovations. We measure competition … on the lending markets in the five major EU countries as well as, for comparison, the UK, the US and Japan. Bearing the …

bank profitability. We evaluate a broad field of research by introducing a general framework for a profit maximizing bank …

not manifested itself in other financial systems, and in particular, not in Germany or Japan. Evidence on the enormous …