. Specifically, physicians became 70% more likely to use ASCs for the policy-targeted procedure among their non-Medicare patients …Medicare pricing is known to indirectly influence provider prices and care provision for non-Medicare patients; however …, Medicare's regulatory externalities beyond fee-setting are less well understood. We study how physicians' outpatient surgery …

patient demand. The model is identified by migration of patients and physicians across areas, as well as by variation in … within-area matching. We find that physicians vary greatly in the intensity with which they treat otherwise similar patients …We study the role of physicians in driving geographic variation of US healthcare utilization. We estimate a model that …