now, it was not clear how many of these German-issued euro banknotes are actually used for payment purposes. Owing to the … that are held for transaction purposes both in Germany and outside the euro area. The estimation of the volume of €20 … shipments by the Deutsche Bundesbank - held for transaction purposes outside the euro area was estimated at just over €3 billion …

units, Expatriates and all nations with their currency related to US $, are not happy in the current $ dipping situation …. Even the currencies of poor nations are galloping upward in $ parity, because they are linked to Euro. This is due to USA …

This paper investigates whether comovements between euro area equity returns at national and industry level have … changed after the introduction of the euro. By adopting a regression quantile-based methodology, we find that after 1999 the … degree of comovements among euro area national equity markets has augmented. By explicitly controlling for the impact of …