themselves against litigation. We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at targeted firms: firms … markers of significant NPE pass-through to end innovators, nor of a positive impact of NPEs on innovation in the industries in …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

and 2008 were analyzed in regard to the question to what extent and how the agencies assessed the innovation effects of … mergers. Theoretical background is the still open question how negative effects of mergers on innovation should be taken into … account in merger policy. Although we can show in our study that in one third of all challenged mergers also innovation …

native and foreign STEM graduates have statistically significant and economically large effects on innovation. Together these … results suggest that policies that increase the stocks of both foreign and native STEM graduates increase innovation and …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

reforms that would likely increase the rate of innovation and the number of startups due to immigrants in the country. Key …

We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries … characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 … different innovation measures; the only exception is for copyright/trademark. The immigrant advantage holds for older firms as …

emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U ….S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure …