In this paper we argue that authorities aid cooperation by means ofdirect coordination or the enforcement of re …

formation, and reproductive externalities. -- Altruism ; spite ; externalities ; conformity ; fixation ; signalling …

exposed to external investments. The objective of the proposed two-sector model with environmental externalities is to provide … the two typologies of actors. -- Foreign Direct Investments ; Environmental Negative Externalities ; Structural Changes …

positive externalities. Without subsidization, so the story reads, there would be an underinvestment in higher education. This … paper shortly reviews theoretical arguments as well as empirical evidence on externalities. It is found that evidence on … positive externalities is quite limited. What is more, evidence on negative externalities of higher education has been mainly …

distress ex-post. If fire-sale liquidation imposes negative externalities on their peers, then firms can be collectively better …

spillovers, driving up financial system leverage in other countries. When faced with such a rise of threats to financial … increase their leverage by as much as they otherwise would. By contrast, it is more difficult to counter the spillovers with …