Between 1960 and 1997, life expectancy at birth of Americans increased approximately 10% G from 69.7 to 76.5 years G and it has been estimated that the value of life extension during this period nearly equaled the gains in tangible consumption. While life expectancy has tended to increase, there...

Between 1960 and 1997, life expectancy at birth of Americans increased approximately 10% from 69.7 to 76.5 years and it has been estimated that the value of life extension during this period nearly equaled the gains in tangible consumption. While life expectancy has tended to increase, there...

This discussion paper reviews the literature on experiences with innovation under the existing emissions trading schemes in the USA. The basic result from this review is that the innovation effects triggered by emissions trading have been limited because a) targets were not constraining in the...

The US decision not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and the recent outcomes of the Bonn and Marrakech Conferences of the Parties drastically reduce the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol in controlling GHG emissions. The reason is not only the reduced emission abatement in the US, but also the...

Brazilian agriculture has undergone a process of transformation in recent decades, being featured on the world agricultural production at both the production and productivity. The United States are characterized as highlighted in the agricultural world, therefore, is a reference for comparison...

Computing, electronics and internet provides the free and fast flow of information across the globe. In a way, modern society depends on these autonomous control systems. However, this technological innovation requires a price to be paid: investment in cyber security of people, data, information...

An increasingly influential technological-discontinuity paradigm suggests that IT-induced technological changes are rapidly raising productivity while making workers redundant. This paper explores the evidence for this view among the IT-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited...

In der zweiten Hälfte der 90er Jahre sind die Aufwendungen deutscher multinationaler Unternehmen für Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) im Ausland stärker gestiegen als im Inland. In gleichem Maße steigerten ausländische Unternehmen ihre FuE-Aufwendungen in Deutschland, so dass die Bilanz...

The US government has decidedly moved towards encouraging co-operation in research and development (R&D) between firms, universities, and other research institutes since the early 1980s. The Republican Administration in the early 1980s set the stage for a radical shift in market environment...