We document that firms in eight East Asian countries and Japan diversify into more segments and engage into more related businessesas measured by the degree of vertical relatedness and complementaritythan firms in the USA. Using data for the 1990-6 period, we observe a trend towards...

We study outcomes to ADR investments between August 1954 and September 2020, with attention to ADRs associated with Chinese firms. Overall, ADRs improved investors’ wealth by $1.03 trillion, with more than a third of this amount attributable to ADRs associated with Chinese firms. A...

We study long-run outcomes to those who invested in non-U.S. stocks through American Depository Receipts (ADRs) between August 1954 and September 2020, with particular attention to ADRs associated with Chinese firms. Overall, ADRs improved their investors’ wealth by $1.03 trillion, as compared...

We study compound returns to nearly 62,000 global common stocks during the 1990 to 2018 period, documenting that the majority, 56% of US stocks and 61% of non-US stocks, under perform one-month US Treasury bills over the full sample. Focusing on aggregate shareholder wealth creation measured in...