Firms subject to cost-of-service regulation cannot withhold windfall profits associated with free emissions allowances. This paper examines the efficiency and distributional impacts of two approaches to transfer free allowances to consumers: output subsidies and lump-sum payments. We employ an...

Accurate projections of electricity demand growth by end-use customer class (residential, commercial, industrial) are necessary for energy policy modelling, resource planning, and electricity pricing and procurement. Motivated by the expected trend of rising retail electricity prices in the US...