With the development towards comprehensive and more sophisticated border control regimes, the problem of protection seekers’ access to EU territory has increasingly come into focus. Disorderly movement is presently the main avenue to safety in the EU, and human smugglers act as important...

Since the passage of new legislation in 1996, which considerably extended the boundaries of mandatory detention for non-citizens, immigration detention has become the fastest growing prison program in the United States. As a result, detention centres have swelled to over 200,000 detainees...