life expectancy related to observable factors such as income, gender, and health have large effects on savings, and that …

olds, we estimate similar health gradients in income and wealth in both countries, but for 70-80 year old, we find no … benefits are largely flat and independent of past income and hence past health during the working years. Finally, we report … evidence using a long panel of American respondents that their subsequent mortality is not related to large changes in wealth …