from millions of digitized books for the USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. While existing measures go back at most … measures where available. The relationship with life expectancy is significant and positive. Infant mortality correlates …

go back at least 200 years further using our methods. We analyse data for six countries (the USA, UK, Germany, France …

national samples from Germany, the UK, and the US, we examine how long this period lasts. In all three nations and across the … findings suggest that mortality-related mechanisms drive late-life changes in well-being and highlight the need for further …