experiments with relatively modest treatments. I test this hypothesis using a natural experiment with a powerful real … Independent. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggests that this electoral penalty is sufficient to decide presidential elections …

framework where punishment ("stick") and rewarding ("carrot") options are available, here we show analytically that the presence … of cooperators who don't punish in the population makes altruistic punishment evolutionarily weak. We show that … cooperation breaks down and strong reciprocity is maladaptive if costly punishment means "punishing defectors" and, even more so …

. Surprisingly, when focusing on Germany and the U.S., populist voting is highest in less globalised regions with rather equal income … distributions. Addressing this puzzle, I ask how the regional variance in populist voting can be explained. In my answer, I … correlated with populist voting and that this effect is mitigated by public goods provision. Using county level data to develop …

We study whether political parties exert precise control over the outcomes of legislative elections. We test for … the legislature: the identity of the party that previously held a majority, and the probability density of the election … outcome. We apply these tests to high-stakes state elections that determine which party controls Congressional redistricting …

We study whether political parties exert precise control over the outcomes of legislative elections. We test for … the legislature: the identity of the party that previously held a majority, and the probability density of the election … outcome. We apply these tests to high-stakes state elections that determine which party controls Congressional redistricting …

One frequently overlooked aspect of the U.S.-style electoral college system is that it discourages election fraud. In a … presidential election based on the popular vote, competing political parties are motivated to manipulate votes in areas where they … electoral college system provides more effective protection against election fraud compared to the popular vote system. While …

) and therefore subjects self-selected into the experiment. Because the structure of their training program reduced the …-selected adults and the adult trainees, suggesting that selection into this type of experiment is unlikely to bias inferences with … experiment ; field experiment ; other-regarding behavior ; social preferences ; truckload ; trucker …