"Infrastructure projects are often technically complicated and highly customized. Therefore, procurement competition … suggests that quality is of particular importance in large infrastructure projects and auctioneers cannot easily substitute …

Infrastructure has particular challenges in public procurement, because it is highly complex and customized and often … requires economic, political and social considerations from a long time horizon. To deliver public infrastructure services to … important economic theories that could guide governments to wise decision-making at each stage. Theory suggests that in general …

Adequate urban infrastructure can be expensive, but the costs of not delivering housing, transportation, water, sewage …, public facilities, and other necessities are also high. Inadequate infrastructure slows and even reverses economic growth … and spirit. One study in Africa showed that the return on investment for infrastructure was about 50 percent, based on …