already under way respectively at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO). For most … this purpose, we use a unique data set which collects balance sheet items and patent information from EPO and USPTO. After … only patents with the EPO, along with larger firm size, have a statistically significant relationship with productivity …

of patent offices in Europe (EPO), Japan (JPO) and the US (USPTO) shows that their operational designs differ … substantially: the EPO provides higher-quality and more expensive services than the USPTO, while the JPO is in an intermediate …