evidence of the long-lived nature of institutions and the link between institutions and culture. In this paper, we provide an … be attributed solely to racial discrimination but can be explained by the response of culture to institutional … scaffolding erected many years earlier. Using a novel within race decomposition we provide evidence that past institutions …

-of-origin composition of a county matters. Moreover, the culture, institutions, and human capital that the immigrant groups brought with …, measures of culture that capture attitudes towards cooperation play the most important and robust role. Finally, our results …