cartel characteristics. International conspiracies, global cartels, and bid-rigging schemes are granted lower percentage than …

? (iii) What are implications for antitrust policy? We conclude from our analysis that in the already highly horizontally …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly … Antitrust Division of the DOJ on 118 corporate participants of hard-core global cartels. Our behavioral model provides the first … direct test of the optimal deterrence theory of antitrust crimes. Regressions are fitted to a sample of the corporations that …

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the efforts of the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice to … cartels. The number of cartel investigations has not risen appreciably. Moreover, the number of criminal Section 1 cases filed … annually fell. From 1995-99 to 2004-06 cartel cases filed fell by 49%. The number of corporations charged annually dropped …

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current cartel fine levels of the European Union and the United …% range). In light of the antitrust objective of optimal deterrence, this article compares the current fine levels in both the … results show that on average these cartel overcharges are significantly larger than the criminal fines of either the European …

downstream sellers' cartel. The paper first identifies three economic effects that determine whether suppliers suffer losses due … to a cartel by their customers. We then examine whether suppliers are entitled to claim net losses as damages in the U … position in the EU approves of cartel supplier damage claims. We show that this is consistent with the ECJ case law and in line …

Government enforcement against collusion, now viewed by the Supreme Court as the “supreme evil” in antitrust, has gone … prosecutions data over a long time horizon, 1969–2016, this Article examines the attributes of cartel enforcement over time and the … changing use of tools to assist with detection and punishment. We provide a comprehensive description of critical cartel …

of cartel enforcement, we compare his views to those of the other major influential antitrust book of the time by Posner …Antitrust as a whole was transformed due in large part to the influential writings of Bork in The Antitrust Paradox … (1978). This paper examines what Bork said and did not say about cartel enforcement and offers an examination of how actual …