This paper develops a model to explain and analyze the evolution of network structure (connectivity) and design (flight frequency, aircraft size, prices) in the post-deregulation U.S. airline industry. We show that legacy carriers choice of Hub-and-Spoke networks and the emergence of low cost...

This discussion paper reviews the literature on experiences with innovation under the existing emissions trading schemes in the USA. The basic result from this review is that the innovation effects triggered by emissions trading have been limited because a) targets were not constraining in the...

The US government has decidedly moved towards encouraging co-operation in research and development (R&D) between firms, universities, and other research institutes since the early 1980s. The Republican Administration in the early 1980s set the stage for a radical shift in market environment...

Gegenstand des Beitrages sind die Umstrukturierungen der Stromwirtschaft in Kalifornien. Im Gefolge der Entwicklungen auf der Bundesebene - dem Energy Policy Act von 1992 und der neueren Politik der Federal Energy Regulatory Commission - hat die kalifornische Regulierungskommission Maßnahmen...

Am 24. April 1996 veröffentlichte die Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) die endgültigen Regulierungsvorschriften nach den Bestimmungen des Energy Policy Act (EPAct) von 1992. Diese Vorschriften schaffen für den Wettbewerb im Großhandel mit Strom grundlegend neue Rahmenbedingungen....

Gegenstand des Beitrages sind die Umstrukturierungen der Stromwirtschaft in den Vereinigten Staaten. Im Gefolge von Gesetzesreformen auf der Bundesebene - dem Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act von 1978 und dem Energy Policy Act von 1992 - beginnt sich zunehmender Wettbewerb in der...

This study examines the extent and influence of occupational licensing in the U.S. using a specially designed national labor force survey. Specifically, we provide new ways of measuring occupational licensing and consider what types of regulatory requirements and what level of government...

It is common knowledge that Next Generation Access (NGA) networks require significant investments and that for many regions, especially in more rural areas, there is no viable business case. Taking note of the broadband strategies formulated by European governments the deployment cost is...

Contractual and regulatory provisions for access affect incentives to invest in an upgraded network and, in particular, a next-generation access network. Investment decisions are made under uncertainty and have to be made over time. This papers provides a framework for taking uncertainty, risk...

This paper examines the economic consequences of institutional investors outsourcing research and voting decisions in public company elections to proxy advisory firms. We investigate the implications of these decisions in the context of shareholder say-on-pay voting required in 2011 under the...