According to data from the Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs, the primary sources of initial financing for new businesses in the United States are personal and family savings, bank business loans, and personal credit cards. Entrepreneurs also tap other sources of funding along their journeys. These...

"This paper revisits a central issue in entrepreneurial finance, namely the signals technology startups send to external investors to convey information about their quality. We examine the potential for technology startups to use patents and founders, friends and family money (FFF money) as...