follow neighbors' policy only during their own election timing, indicating that policy diffuses through elections. … elections in policy diffusion in settings where municipal elections are asynchronous due to historical reasons. First, we … empirically show the presence of policy diffusion using neighbors' election cycles as instruments for neighbors' policy adoption …

reward for the federal incumbent in local elections. Alternative explanations are examined, and it is shown that the effect … municipalities, being stronger where the mayor faced more contestable elections, in capital cities of the states and in predominantly …

In this paper we study whether inflation expectations react on variations of election outcome expectations. Using data …