type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a … shorter than product claims; but this gap has narrowed since the 1970s. These patterns suggest that the patent breadth and …

(the CD index) that characterizes innovation in science and technology as either consolidating or disruptive. We challenge … the analysis to 2016 and account for a change in U.S. patent law that allows for citations to patent applications in … addition to patent grants, which is ignored by the authors in their analysis. We show that the number of highly disruptive …

We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries … characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 … different innovation measures; the only exception is for copyright/trademark. The immigrant advantage holds for older firms as …

emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U ….S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure … sectoral patenting trends, we find that U.S. patent production declines in sectors facing greater import competition. This …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U ….S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure … sectoral patenting trends, we find that U.S. patent production declines in sectors facing greater import competition. This …

Is there any evidence that innovation and technological progress are contained by competition and fostered by monopoly … that this is not the case.On the contrary, using both patent statistics and productivity growth as alternative measures of … innovation and technical change, we observe faster technological advances in more competitive markets. These results are robust …

increased innovation in financial services? To address this question we construct new indicators of R&D intensity based on the … intensity. Looking ahead, three factors suggest the patent system may affect financial services as it has electronics: (1) the …

distribution of patent races by technology, evidence for strategic delay of innovation by incumbent firms, and evidence that patent …The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office resolves patent priority disputes in patent interference cases. Using a random … sample of cases declared between 1988 and 1994, we establish a connection between patent interferences and patent races, and …