poverty rates. This study examines how 2019 state-level ratios of urban to rural PCPI varies with state-level urbanization … rates, poverty rates and unemployment rates. The income ratio increases with both urbanization and poverty rates. Some …

China from the perspective of Granger causality, in a multivariate framework controlling for financial development …, urbanization, and trade openness. Econometric techniques employed include unit root tests, Toda and Yamamoto Granger causality, and … governments of the USA and China cannot implement sturdier strategic energy policies in the long run without inhibiting the growth …