badly or badly can explain 27-33% of the achievement gap between native and immigrant children in standardized language …Immigrant children in the US tend to perform worse in reading, mathematics, and science compared to native children … identify the causal effect of English proficiency on cognitive test scores, I use the fact that language proficiency is closely …

children's superior language acquisition abilities to estimate the causal effect of English language skills on immigrants …I examine the effect of English language profi ciency on the occupational choices of childhood immigrants into the … sophisticated use of the English language, such as sales and administrative occupations. By contrast, immigrants with a weaker grasp …

I examine the effect of English language proficiency on the occupational choices of childhood immigrants into the … occupations. Following Bleakley and Chin (2004; 2010), I use an instrumental variables approach that exploits young children …'s superior language acquisition abilities to estimate the causal effect of English language skills on immigrants' choice of …