economics. We found that women in economics were 15% less likely to be promoted to associate professor after controlling for … cumulative publications, citations, grants and grant dollars. In contrast, we found no significant gender differences in …

" European patents which were not. After AIPA's enactment, U.S. patents receive more and faster follow-on citations, indicating …

offers an empirical examination of this question for a subpopulation of biomedical academic scientists who received research … temporary employment transitions by entrepreneurial faculty members and examine how their journal article publication rates … change using individual-level panel data. We find that the biomedical scientists who eventually choose to found or join a for …

and publications, for 83,000 American scientists in 1956 at the height of the baby boom. Our analyses reveal a unique life …-cycle pattern of productivity for mothers. While other scientists peak in their mid-thirties, mothers become more productive after … 15 years of marriage, while other scientists peak in the first 10 years. Differences in the timing of productivity have …

impact, papers with diaspora or returnee authors averaged more citations and had higher proportions of publication in high … network of scientific citations. The benefits of the US-China research connection notwithstanding, the link between the …