In all Western societies women earn lower wages on average than men. The gender wage gap has existed for many years … progress made by women in the labor market, and the characteristics and causes of remaining gender inequalities. It also covers … use of transfer payments, and the impact of gender roles in immigrant source countries on immigrant women's labor market …

The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty that … provides universal standards for protecting and promoting women's rights; it was adopted by the United Nations in 1979 and … ratification are far outweighed by the benefits it will bring to women worldwide; and the time is ripe for such action. Caution on …