designed to curb youth smoking. Using state Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, we examine whether recent changes in state … smoking participation primarily through their effect on third-party purchase, although there is evidence that they are … smoking ; cigarette taxes …

Adolescent Health (Add Health). Focusing on friends who had not yet initiated a particular behavior (sex, smoking, marijuana use … also initiates intercourse, holding constant family and individual factors. Similar effects are also present for smoking …

This paper examines the role of peer effects in smoking behavior using data of middle and high school students in the … smokings. A Markov process model of smoking interactions between individuals is presented, under the assumption that such … determined by the Markov process . The empirical results strongly support the presence of positive peer effects in smoking …