A primary rationale for public provision of K-12 education and state financing of school spending is that education … fosters civic engagement and the development of social capital. However, limited evidence exists on whether and how school … spending affects civic engagement. Virtually all studies focus on the impact of educational attainment (as opposed to school …

.S. history. Using newly digitized biennial data on 386 of the largest urban school systems in the U.S. I investigate both the … ineffective in increasing school resources, as laws increasing state aid to local districts crowded out local receipts while …

literature suggests that these orders and the resulting school finance equalizations have increased the level and progressivity …, both state and local budget constraints change. We find that while mandated school finance equalizations increase both the …