within a school. We find that greater exposure to "high-achieving" boys, as proxied by their parents' education, decreases … the likelihood that girls go on to complete a bachelor's degree, substituting the latter with junior college degrees. It … aspirations and to more risky behavior (including having a child before age 18). The girls most strongly affected are those in the …

use among both boys and girls, with generally larger effects for boys (e.g., approximately 6% for boys compared to 4% for … behaviors examined. (2) Welfare reform led to a decrease in volunteering among girls. (3) Welfare reform led to increases in … skipping school, damaging property, and getting into fights among boys. (4) Welfare reform led to increases in smoking and drug …