School systems around the world use achievement tests to assign students to schools, classes, and instructional … students who score below a proficiency cutoff into remedial classes. Students scoring below the cutoff receive more educational … significantly larger and more likely to persist beyond the year of remediation for Black students …

. Could such colleges -- which currently have many more students from high-income families than low-income families … due to higher admissions rates for students with comparable test scores from high-income families; the remaining third is … students applying from private high schools that have affluent student bodies, and (3) recruitment of athletes, who tend to …

completion and earnings. These patterns imply that, on average, students benefit from "overmatch" of the sort generated by … move lower ability students to higher quality colleges. …

at the expense of students who are most diffiult to teach, including limited English proficiency (LEP) and special … education (SPED) students, as well as students with low baseline achievement levels. We use applicant lotteries to evaluate the … special needs students that may be underserved. The results show average achievement gains of 0.36 standard deviations in math …

socio-economic and academic skill composition of schools. We exploit the quasi-random reassignment of students across …, increasing the achievement levels of students' peers improves students' math and ELA test scores but harms their ELA course … grades. Test score benefits accrue primarily to students from higher-income families, though students with lower family …

designed to help math teachers diagnose students' areas of need and to design lesson plans responsive to those needs. Before … year for students in the program schools. Supplementary event study and synthetic control analyses to detect year …