administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until … infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until … infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant …

; mortality ; fertility ; nuptiality ; guilds …. Mortality was less sensitive to shocks than one would expect, while nuptiality was especially sensitive. -- Malthusian models …