Keck, Alexander; Lendle, Andreas - 2012 - Manuscript date: 16 August 2012
, even for very small preferential margins and/or very small trade flows, which contradicts numerous estimates that average … a percentage share of the trade value, our findings indicate that utilization costs involve an important fixed cost … element. We provide estimates for such fixed costs, which appear to be in the range of USD 14 to USD 1,500. -- Trade policy …