Although bank capital regulation permits a bank to choose freely between equity and subordinated debt to meet capital requirements, lenders and investors view debt and equity as imperfect substitutes. It follows that the mix of debt in regulatory capital should isolate the role that the market...

On December 10, 2009, the auction of JP Morgan Chase's warrants raised gross proceeds of $950 million, topping the previous warrant auction record of the 1983 Chrysler warrants in real and nominal terms. This paper analyzed the results from the secondary market trading on December 9, 2009, of...

Amid an economic downturn caused in part by financial deregulation, it is odd to most people outside the Beltway that Congress should be actively considering (and indeed have passed in the House) a raft of proposal for more financial deregulation. Yet the politics for both parties require...

We examine the political dynamics which led to the codification of the Principles and Standards for sound compensation practices at financial institutions at international (G 20) level and to their subsequent implementation on both sides of the Atlantic. We show that the regulation of bankers'...

We study the effect of electoral politics on government small business lending, employment, and business formation. We construct novel measures of electoral importance capturing swing and base voters using data from Facebook ad spending, independent political expenditures, the Cook Political...

We use the subset of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans that were extended to public firms as a laboratory to separate between favoritism and informational advantages in lending relationships. Because PPP loans are guaranteed by the government and banks do not need to carefully screen...

Firms' inability to commit to future funding choices has profound consequences for capital structure dynamics. With debt in place, shareholders pervasively resist leverage reductions no matter how much such reductions may enhance firm value. Shareholders would instead choose to increase leverage...

This study examines the relation of independent directors and their gender diversity, busyness, and experience with risk taking for 112 listed US insurance companies over 2003- 2010. Using OLS, system GMM and 3SLS, we find that board independence, females amongst independent directors and busy...

This study examines the relation of independent directors and their gender diversity, busyness, and experience with risk taking for 112 listed US insurance companies over 2003-2010. Using OLS, system GMM and 3SLS, we find that board independence, females amongst independent directors and busy...

This study examines the relation of incentives and risk taking for 104 listed U.S. insurance companies over 2006-2010. Our results show that independent director compensation is positively related to risk taking as are CEO compensation and institutional ownership. Besides dollar value and...