Introduction -- International sale of goods -- The sales contract -- Letters of credit -- Non-establishment forms of international business : agency and distributorships, technology transfer, contract manufacturing, and franchising -- Foreign direct investment -- Protecting intellectual property...

The Apotex v USA tribunal decisions regarding Sertraline and Pravastatin ANDAs have attracted scant indepth analysis, as to their ultimate effect on the treatment of intangible asset categories in investment arbitration. The Tribunal's decision in the final Apotex Inc. claim (2012) employed res...

In an earlier era, treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (FCNs) were the primary international law mechanism through which the U.S. government sought to promote and protect foreign investment. Conventional wisdom holds that FCNs are of only limited historical interest, having been...

We analyse the evolution of the systemic risk impact of oil and natural gas companies since 2000. This period is characterised by several events that affected energy source markets: the real effect of the global financial crisis, the explosion of shale production and the diffusion of the...