We explain per-capita income gaps across US states and Canadian provinces by the following chain of causation. Geography determined where Europeans originally settled: in Northeastern USA, along those segments of the Atlantic coast where the climate was neither too hot (the US South), nor too...

A new model of economic growth introduces the knowledge filter between new knowledge and economically useful knowledge. It identifies both new ventures and incumbent firms as the mechanisms that penetrate the knowledge filter. Recent empirical work has shown that new firms are more proficient at...

Entrepreneurship is considered to be an important mechanism for economic development through employment, innovation and welfare effects. The papers in this special issue are from the 3rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in Washington D.C. in 2007. The introduction has...

Written for the Cambridge Handbook on International and Comparative Trademark Law (forthcoming), this chapter surveys US law and policy regarding certification marks and collective marks. It summarizes the current statutory framework and associated case law, then briefly posits some future...

Life is short. That's never been more true for corporations today. An analysis of all 29,688 firms that listed from 1960 through 2009, divided into 10-year cohorts, reveals that newly listed firms in recent cohorts fail more frequently than did those in older ones. Creative destruction is...

At the regional scale, human capital and agglomeration forces are assumed to shape innovative capacity, but there are likely to be more direct channels like the development and commercialization of new products. This article examines the relationship between inventive activity and productivity...

Due to the recent drop in oil prices, there is a strong interest in the influence of the shale revolution on the global supply and demand of hydrocarbon fuels. Consequently, the attention of many economists and industry analysts is drawn to the technological, institutional and regulatory aspects...

We estimate spillovers from public funding for health research in the context of the NIH's Fogarty International Center's AIDS International Training and Research Program, which aims to strengthen scientific capacity in AIDS endemic countries by providing African researchers with training...

In recent years, cities have become increasingly interested in their ability to generate, attract and retain human capital. One measure of human capital is employment in science and engineering-based occupations. This paper provides a comparison of the employment shares of these specialized...

This paper provides evidence about the quality of retrospective childhood health histories given to respondents in the HRS and the PSID. Even though information on early life health events is critical, there is legitimate skepticism about the ability of older respondents to remember specific...