forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ("blocking citations"). Empirical …. This finding adds to the patent value literature by showing that different types of patent citations carry different …

This article describes the “USPTO Patent Examination Research Dataset” (PatEx), and explores possible selection issues … and the representativeness of the 9.1 million US patent application records it contains. We find that data are sparse for … foreign origin, patent family status, and technology class among others. While our exploration suggests to researchers several …

in knowledge spillovers. Drawing on the NBER Patent Citations Database, we examine patent citations data at metropolitan … level within the U.S. and the 38 largest patent-cited countries outside the U.S. We present 3 key findings: First, we find … of cited patent, which implies that new knowledge faces the largest barriers to diffusion. However, over time, border and …

which German patent renewal fees were paid to full-term expiration in 1995. A search of subsequent U.S. and German patents … allowed to expire before their full term. The higher an invention's economic value estimate was, the more the relevant patent …

In their animated book 'The Patent Crisis and How the Courts can Solve It', Dan Burk and Mark Lemley give an account of … industry specific differences in the patent system from both a legal and economic perspective. The present article attempts to … that current European patent law holds substantial potential for technology-specific application. Even though the European …

-1994. The interaction of this pre-existing network structure with patent growth in upstream technology fields has strong …