The paper reviews the sources of "Upward bias" and "Downward bias" in the US Consumer Price Index (CPI) and discusses … in terms of differing statistical methods. -- Consumer Price Index ; Economic Growth ; Statistical bias ; Statistical …

formulations to resolve the current problems of formula bias. Potential sources of cost savings related to probability sampling are …

-period dependence and subsitution bias of GDP in constant prices. -- Real GDP ; chained prices ; constant prices ; additivity ; Fisher …

aggregating across microeconomic units reduces the bias (the limit of which is illustrated by Rotemberg's widely used linear … to shocks is biased upward by more than 80 percent. While the bias is not as extreme for labor demand and prices, it … still remains significant at high levels of aggregation. Because the bias rises with disaggregation, findings of …