Among investigative tactics, undercover policing is unique in the extent to which it allows the police to shape the … tradition of scholarship in criminal law treats police infiltration as a problem of government law-breaking. In France, a … exploration of new means for distributing responsibility among complementary institutional actors like police, prosecutors, and …

An influential literature has used the aftermath of terrorist attacks to estimate large effects of police street … circumstances. This paper exploits a natural experiment that aimed to increase police presence in more than 6,000 well-defined areas … by police officers, we first document exogenous and discontinuous changes in patrolling intensity. We do not find that …