We study the post-World War II "Golden Age" of American corporate research from 1945 to 1980, using multiple indicators of corporate research activity. We use an ensemble learning approach to classify firms as either Science Leaders, Absorbers or Followers. Our analysis reveals that only a small...

This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...

There is a growing literature that aims at assessing the private value of knowledge assets and patents. It has been shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the market value of firms beyond their R&D stocks. This paper...

The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) came into force on 1 January 2005. Prior to and subsequently to the AUSFTA being concluded, controversy surrounded the debate over its impact on Australia’s health policy, specifically on regulation of pharmaceutical patents and...

In January 2016, the Canadian Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development (the “Ministry”) commissioned this study to gain insight into technological innovation in Canada through the lens of the United States (“U.S.”) patent system. Comprehensive patent data of the sort...

Scientific and technological innovations by scientists are critical to the long-term economic health of the U.S. However, anecdotal evidence from space exploration, high energy physics and biotechnology suggests that the U.S. might no longer be able to retain or attract such talent at previous...

The question of protecting intellectual property rights by academic inventors was never seriously contemplated until the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over inventions arising out of federally-funded research and to...