Freedman, Seth; Sacks, Daniel W.; Simon, Kosali Ilayperuma - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
-up; estimating indirect effects also poses difficulty as it requires exogenous variation in peer vaccination status. We overcome …-in-differences designs leads to large estimates of direct effects: vaccination reduces COVID-19 incidence by 80 percent. But our estimates of … indirect effects are small and statistically insignificant: despite a 20 percentage point increase in vaccination rates across …