crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a … shorter than product claims; but this gap has narrowed since the 1970s. These patterns suggest that the patent breadth and …

criteria of novelty or non-obviousness. In recent decades, many jurisdictions introduced patent reforms to avoid weak patent … applications and improve legal patent quality. In particular, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), enacted into law in 2011 … any third party to question granted patents, possibly leading to patent revocation or scope reduction. This paper aims to …

increased innovation in financial services? To address this question we construct new indicators of R&D intensity based on the … intensity. Looking ahead, three factors suggest the patent system may affect financial services as it has electronics: (1) the …

distribution of patent races by technology, evidence for strategic delay of innovation by incumbent firms, and evidence that patent …The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office resolves patent priority disputes in patent interference cases. Using a random … sample of cases declared between 1988 and 1994, we establish a connection between patent interferences and patent races, and …

quality, follow-on innovation. Winning a first patent boosts a startup’s subsequent growth and innovation by facilitating ….S. Patent Office since 2001, we find that startups that win the patent “lottery” by drawing lenient examiners have, on average …, 55% higher employment growth and 80% higher sales growth five years later. Patent winners also pursue more, and higher …

; pending patents ; innovation ; patent office overload ; patent inspection ; grant delays … stage of the patenting process and the interplay with the patent office. This is followed by considering the perspective of … the patent and trademark offices (PTOs), in particular, acknowledging the limited resources that are available to PTOs …

powerful strategic tool: the offers that he makes to the patent holder will affect the royalty rate that the Court may adopt as … availability of injunctions, the holder of a sufficiently weak patent will end up accepting below FRAND rates, in particular when … sufficiently strong patent will always end up in litigation by rejecting offers below FRAND. This arises in particular when the …

between the propensity to jointly own a patent and proximity in the product market; b) joint patents are associated with less …